Innovation in Emerging Economies: The Spillover Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Institutions in Russia

Economic literature has long emphasized the positive relationship between innovation and economic growth (Baumol, 1968; Cooke, 1998). Innovation capability has been acknowledged to differ across countries and sub-national regions (Lee and Peterson, 2000; Acs et al., 2002; Fritsch, 2002; Michaelides et al., 2004). Academic literature, however, still lacks studies, examining the effect of the regional variations in the business environment on innovation output, for example, on patents, products or services (Rogers, 1998).