The effect of toe flexion exercises on grip

Background
Weakness of the toe flexor muscles have been previously attributed to the development of toe pathologies which respond well in clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is not known if exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study therefore is to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, whilst seated and also during gait.
Methods
Twenty three healthy participants with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure and pressure time integral whilst seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area and percentage contact time were recorded pre and post exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily over a six week period.
Results
Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the 2nd and 3rd digit as did the pressure time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises.
Conclusion
Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the 2nd and 3rd digit as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure as well as contact time after exercises could assist in improving stability of the forefoot improving the efficiency of gait and reducing the progression of toe pathologies.