An End-to-End Early Warning System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Gas Leakage Detection in Industrial Facilities

Existing Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)-detectionsystems are ad-hoc and designed as stand-alone nodes. Thispaper, however, presents an integrated end-to-end Wireless SensorNetwork (WSN) system that integrates hardware and software forearly-warning gas-leakage detection and monitoring applications;fully utilizing the Internet-of-thing (IoT) functionalities andcapabilities in WSNs at the network level such that networkperformance is improved. The proposed system can operate insingle-hop and multi-hop modes depending on the surround-ing radio frequency (RF) environment and network topology.Specifically, we design a per-deployed WSN system for LPG-gas detection/monitoring in residential areas and factories thatcollects, analyzes and forwards the collected information over awireless channel to the monitoring center to take the appropriateaction. To achieve a reliable communication and data delivery, weimplement an efficient communication protocol that organizes thedata exchanges between the different nodes in the network. Theproposed WSN system is deployed and experimentally tested.The data acquired from the various experiments is used toexamine the reliable operation of the implemented system interms of robustness and data-delivery reliability. Robust andreliable performance is demonstrated with packet loss rate as lowas5%. The experimental results also indicate that the proposedsystem can promptly detect gas-leakage within50ms and provideaccurate gas concentration measurements with97%accuracy.