Application of Cortical Learning Algorithms to Movement Classification

Classifying the objects’ trajectories extracted from Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) feeds is a key video analytic module to systematize or rather help to automate both the real-time monitoring and the video forensic process. Machine learning algorithms have been heavily proposed to solve the problem of movement classification. However, they still suffer from various limitations such as their limited ability to cope with multi-dimensional data streams or data with temporal behaviour. Recently, the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) and its implementation, the Cortical Learning Algorithms (CLA) have proven their success to detect temporal anomalies from a noisy data stream. In this paper, a novel CLA-based movement classification algorithm has been proposed and devised to detect abnormal movements in realistic video surveillance scenarios. Tests applied on twenty-three videos have been conducted and the proposed algorithm has been evaluated and compared against several state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms. Our algorithm has achieved 66.29% average F-measure, with an improvement of 15.5% compared to the k-Nearest Neighbour Global Anomaly Score (kNN-GAS) algorithm. The Independent Component Analysis-Local Outlier Probability (ICA-LoOP) scored 42.75%, the Singular Value Decomposition Influence Outlier (SVD-IO) achieved 34.82%, whilst the Connectivity Based Factor algorithm (CBOF) scored 8.72%. The proposed models have empirically portrayed positive potential and had exceeded in performance when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.