Predictors of Loneliness during Coronavirus-19

Paper One is a literature review of 11 studies. It reviews what is known about the relationship between resilience and loneliness during Covid-19. Ten studies reported a relationship between loneliness and resilience. There were discrepancies between how resilience was operationalized and defined. Some studies were limited by their cross-sectional design, narrow inclusion criteria and an inability to establish cause and effect. The potential implications for this are discussed.
Paper Two is an empirical study. This details a cross-sectional study, which explored the relationship between loneliness, resilience, social-isolation, video-call use and age, during Covid-19. A total of 262 participants were recruited. Participants completed three validated questionnaires online, as well as questions regarding their video-call use. A multiple regression was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that there was a relationship between loneliness, social-isolation and resilience. Video-call use and age did not predict loneliness. The findings suggest that both social support and resilience may act as a protective factor for loneliness; however, neither account for loneliness fully, so other factors should continue to be researched.
Paper Three is an executive summary of the empirical research project. It is written to be accessible to participants who originally took part in the study. The background, method, results and recommendations are outlined.