Appearance-based Interventions to Reduce UV Exposure and/or Increase Sun Protection Intentions and Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta Analyses

Objectives
A systematic review and meta‐analyses were conducted to identify and review research examining the impact of appearance‐based interventions on sun protection intentions and/or ultraviolet (UV) exposure behaviour.

Methods
A search of 16 databases including PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge was conducted to identify studies examining the impact of appearance‐based interventions on reducing UV exposure and/or increasing sun protection intentions and behaviours. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, and these studies were subjected to a systematic review and meta‐analyses to determine the effectiveness of the interventions.

Results
Interventions used a variety of techniques including UV technology and photoaging information. Study design and outcome measures varied. The research indicated that appearance‐based interventions have a positive effect on UV exposure and sun protection intentions and behaviour.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that interventions based on the appearance‐damaging effects of UV exposure, and the positive effects of sun protection, may have a role in health promotion. It is concluded that there is a need for further research incorporating a wider range of participants, and using qualitative and mixed methods designs.