Autistic Young People and Healthy Eating: A Photo-Elicitation Study

Autistic individuals are commonly reported within the literature to experience eating difficulties, such as restricted diets and ritualised eating behaviours. Yet qualitative studies exploring the eating experiences of autistic adolescents remain absent. It is therefore unclear how to effectively support autistic young people in making healthy eating choices and developing essential skills that will benefit them in adulthood. This study explored autistic young people’s experiences of healthy eating using photo-elicitation. Seven participants, aged 11 to 17, took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three participants additionally attended a participatory workshop to discuss the research findings. Three core themes were developed: a) Sensory experiences influence eating behaviours; b) Family members play a crucial role within healthy eating; and c) Eating… “you know it’s a spectrum”. The findings illustrate that the eating profiles of autistic young people are varied and individual. Whilst some may stick to specific food routines or eat a smaller range of preferred foods due to sensory preferences, others display a willingness to try new foods and bold flavours. Some autistic young people view their food routines and eating preferences not as obstacles, but as adaptive and functional strategies to navigate eating-related challenges. Additionally, family members are fundamental in providing opportunities for healthy eating and expanding food variety. Family-centred interventions are strongly recommended to promote healthy eating, with tailored support for autistic young people that acknowledges and respects individual eating behaviours.