Oxygen induced p-doping of α-nickel phthalocyanine vacuum sublimed films: Implication for its use in organic photovoltaics

Effects of oxygen doping on the electrical properties of α-NiPc based devices were investigated using in situ and ex situ I-V measurements. Photovoltaic performance of the Schottky devices was assessed under white light illumination through the semitransparent top Pb electrode supplied by a 500 W halogen lamp. Results demonstrated that simple exposure of α-NiPc films to dry air resulted in efficient p-type doping.