Advanced modern low-emission two-stroke cycle engines

This paper reviews recent engines and associated technology offering potential low emission two-stroke cycle operation for a range of applications. The study considers and discusses successfully applied modern production engines together with concepts exploring advanced possibilities for future application. The published results from research and development projects and the data from available technology are compared in terms of the specific performance. The paper does not compare combustion strategies or fluid dynamic aspects of two-stroke cycle engines but does consider and compare the data from engines using the crankcase, external, and stepped piston scavenging intended for automotive, marine, and defence applications.